Cara Membuat Grafik Teksture dengan OpenGL

Gambar 1

Run :

Syntax :

#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>

GLfloat ctrlpoints[4][4][3] = {
   {{ -1.5, -1.5, 4.0}, { -0.5, -1.5, 2.0},
    {0.5, -1.5, -1.0}, {1.5, -1.5, 2.0}},
   {{ -1.5, -0.5, 1.0}, { -0.5, -0.5, 3.0},
    {0.5, -0.5, 0.0}, {1.5, -0.5, -1.0}},
   {{ -1.5, 0.5, 4.0}, { -0.5, 0.5, 0.0},
    {0.5, 0.5, 3.0}, {1.5, 0.5, 4.0}},
   {{ -1.5, 1.5, -2.0}, { -0.5, 1.5, -2.0},
    {0.5, 1.5, 0.0}, {1.5, 1.5, -1.0}}
};

GLfloat texpts[2][2][2] = {{{0.0, 0.0}, {0.0, 1.0}},
            {{1.0, 0.0}, {1.0, 1.0}}};

void display(void)
{
   glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
   glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
   glEvalMesh2(GL_FILL, 0, 20, 0, 20);
   glFlush();
}

#define    imageWidth 64
#define    imageHeight 64
GLubyte image[3*imageWidth*imageHeight];

void makeImage(void)
{
   int i, j;
   float ti, tj;
  
   for (i = 0; i < imageWidth; i++) {
      ti = 2.0*3.14159265*i/imageWidth;
      for (j = 0; j < imageHeight; j++) {
         tj = 2.0*3.14159265*j/imageHeight;

         image[3*(imageHeight*i+j)] = (GLubyte) 127*(1.0+sin(ti));
         image[3*(imageHeight*i+j)+1] = (GLubyte) 127*(1.0+cos(2*tj));
         image[3*(imageHeight*i+j)+2] = (GLubyte) 127*(1.0+cos(ti+tj));
      }
   }
}

void init(void)
{
   glMap2f(GL_MAP2_VERTEX_3, 0, 1, 3, 4, 0, 1, 12, 4, &ctrlpoints[0][0][0]);
   glMap2f(GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_2, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 1, 4, 2, &texpts[0][0][0]);
   glEnable(GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_2);
   glEnable(GL_MAP2_VERTEX_3);
   glMapGrid2f(20, 0.0, 1.0, 20, 0.0, 1.0);
   makeImage();
   glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_DECAL);
   glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
   glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
   glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
   glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
   glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, imageWidth, imageHeight, 0,  GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image);
   glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
   glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
   glShadeModel (GL_FLAT);
}

void reshape(int w, int h)
{
   glViewport(0, 0, (GLsizei) w, (GLsizei) h);
   glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
   glLoadIdentity();
   if (w <= h)
      glOrtho(-4.0, 4.0, -4.0*(GLfloat)h/(GLfloat)w, 4.0*(GLfloat)h/(GLfloat)w, -4.0, 4.0);
   else
      glOrtho(-4.0*(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h, 4.0*(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h, -4.0, 4.0, -4.0, 4.0);
   glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
   glLoadIdentity();
   glRotatef(85.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
}

void keyboard(unsigned char key, int x, int y)
{
   switch (key) {
      case 27:
         exit(0);
         break;
   }
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
   glutInit(&argc, argv);
   glutInitDisplayMode (GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);
   glutInitWindowSize (500, 500);
   glutInitWindowPosition (100, 100);
   glutCreateWindow (argv[0]);
   init ();
   glutDisplayFunc(display);
   glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
   glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard);
   glutMainLoop();
   return 0;
}

Gambar 2

Run :

Syntax :

/*  program mendemontrasikan texture menggunakan glBindTexture()
 *  untuk membuat dan mengatur 2 texture  */

#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#ifdef GL_VERSION_1_1
/*    membuat texture papan catur */     
#define    checkImageWidth 64
#define    checkImageHeight 64
static GLubyte checkImage[checkImageHeight][checkImageWidth][4];
static GLubyte otherImage[checkImageHeight][checkImageWidth][4];

static GLuint texName[2];

void makeCheckImages(void)
{
   int i, j, c;
   
   for (i = 0; i < checkImageHeight; i++) {
      for (j = 0; j < checkImageWidth; j++) {
         c = ((((i&0x8)==0)^((j&0x8))==0))*255;
         checkImage[i][j][0] = (GLubyte) c;
         //checkImage[i][j][1] = (GLubyte) c;
         //checkImage[i][j][2] = (GLubyte) c;
         checkImage[i][j][3] = (GLubyte) 255;
         c = ((((i&0x10)==0)^((j&0x10))==0))*255;
         otherImage[i][j][0] = (GLubyte) c;
         otherImage[i][j][1] = (GLubyte) 0;
         otherImage[i][j][2] = (GLubyte) 0;
         otherImage[i][j][3] = (GLubyte) 255;
      }
   }
}

void init(void)
{   
   glClearColor (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
   glShadeModel(GL_FLAT);
   glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

   makeCheckImages();
   glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
   glGenTextures(2, texName);
   glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texName[0]);
   glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP);
   glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP);
   glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
   glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
   glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, checkImageWidth,
                checkImageHeight, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, checkImage);
   glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texName[1]);
   glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP);
   glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP);
   glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
   glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
   glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_DECAL);
   glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, checkImageWidth,
                checkImageHeight, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, otherImage);
   glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
}

void display(void)
{
   glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
  
   glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texName[0]);
   //
   glBegin(GL_QUADS);
   glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(-2.0, -1.0, 0.0); //kiri bawah
   glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(-2.0, 1.0, 0.0); //kiri atas
   glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0); //kanan atas
   glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(0.0, -1.0, 0.0); //kanan bawah
   glEnd();
   glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texName[1]);
  
  
   glBegin(GL_QUADS);
   glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(1.0, -1.0, 0.0); //kiri atas
   glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.0); //kiri bawah
   glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(2.41421, 1.0, -1.41421); //kanan atas
   glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(2.41421, -1.0, -1.41421); //kanan bawah
   glEnd();
   glFlush();
   //
}

void reshape(int w, int h)
{
   glViewport(0, 0, (GLsizei) w, (GLsizei) h);
   glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
   glLoadIdentity();
   gluPerspective(60.0, (GLfloat) w/(GLfloat) h, 1.0, 30.0);
   glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
   glLoadIdentity();
   glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0, -3.6);
}

void keyboard(unsigned char key, int x, int y)
{
   switch (key) {
      case 27:
         exit(0);
         break;
   }
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
   glutInit(&argc, argv);
   glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);
   glutInitWindowSize(250, 250);
   glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);
   glutCreateWindow("Program 2");
   init();
   glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
   glutDisplayFunc(display);
   glutKeyboardFunc (keyboard);
   glutMainLoop();
   return 0;
}
#else
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    fprintf (stderr, "program didemontrasikan dengan OpenGL\n");
    return 0;
}
#endif

Gambar 3

Run :

Syntax :

#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#ifdef GL_VERSION_1_1
/*  membuat texture papan catur  */
#define checkImageWidth 64
#define checkImageHeight 64
#define subImageWidth 16
#define subImageHeight 16
static GLubyte checkImage[checkImageHeight][checkImageWidth][4];
static GLubyte subImage[subImageHeight][subImageWidth][4];

static GLuint texName;

void makeCheckImages(void)
{
   int i, j, c;
   
   for (i = 0; i < checkImageHeight; i++) {
      for (j = 0; j < checkImageWidth; j++) {
         c = ((((i&0x8)==0)^((j&0x8))==0))*255;
         checkImage[i][j][0] = (GLubyte) c;
         checkImage[i][j][1] = (GLubyte) c;
         checkImage[i][j][2] = (GLubyte) c;
         checkImage[i][j][3] = (GLubyte) 255;
      }
   }
   for (i = 0; i < subImageHeight; i++) {
      for (j = 0; j < subImageWidth; j++) {
         c = ((((i&0x4)==0)^((j&0x4))==0))*255;
         subImage[i][j][0] = (GLubyte) c;
         subImage[i][j][1] = (GLubyte) 0;
         subImage[i][j][2] = (GLubyte) 0;
         subImage[i][j][3] = (GLubyte) 255;
      }
   }
}

void init(void)
{   
   glClearColor (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
   glShadeModel(GL_FLAT);
   glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

   makeCheckImages();
   glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);

   glGenTextures(1, &texName);
   glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texName);

   glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
   glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
   glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
   glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
   glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, checkImageWidth, checkImageHeight,
                0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, checkImage);
}

void display(void)
{
   glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
   glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
   glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_DECAL);
   glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texName);
   glBegin(GL_QUADS);
   glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(-2.0, -1.0, 0.0);
   glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(-2.0, 1.0, 0.0);
   glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
   glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(0.0, -1.0, 0.0);

   glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(1.0, -1.0, 0.0);
   glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);
   glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(2.41421, 1.0, -1.41421);
   glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(2.41421, -1.0, -1.41421);
   glEnd();
   glFlush();
   glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
}

void reshape(int w, int h)
{
   glViewport(0, 0, (GLsizei) w, (GLsizei) h);
   glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
   glLoadIdentity();
   gluPerspective(60.0, (GLfloat) w/(GLfloat) h, 1.0, 30.0);
   glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
   glLoadIdentity();
   glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0, -3.6);
}

void keyboard (unsigned char key, int x, int y)
{
   switch (key) {
      case 's':
      case 'S':
         glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texName);
         glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 12, 44, subImageWidth, subImageHeight, GL_RGBA,
                         GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, subImage);
         glutPostRedisplay();
         break;
      case 'r':
      case 'R':
         glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texName);
         glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, checkImageWidth, checkImageHeight, 0, GL_RGBA,
                      GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, checkImage);
         glutPostRedisplay();
         break;
      case 27:
         exit(0);
         break;
      default:
         break;
   }
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
   glutInit(&argc, argv);
   glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);
   glutInitWindowSize(250, 250);
   glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);
   glutCreateWindow(argv[0]);
   init();
   glutDisplayFunc(display);
   glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
   glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard);
   glutMainLoop();
   return 0;
}
#else
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    fprintf (stderr, "program didemontrasikan dengan OpenGL.\n");
    return 0;
}
#endif

Gambar 4

Run :

 

Syntax :

/*    program menggambar texture teapot  */

#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#define    stripeImageWidth 32
GLubyte stripeImage[4*stripeImageWidth];

#ifdef GL_VERSION_1_1
static GLuint texName;
#endif

void makeStripeImage(void)
{
   int j;
   
   for (j = 0; j < stripeImageWidth; j++) {
      stripeImage[4*j] = (GLubyte) ((j<=4) ? 255 : 0);
      stripeImage[4*j+1] = (GLubyte) ((j>4) ? 255 : 0);
      //stripeImage[4*j+2] = (GLubyte) 0;
      //stripeImage[4*j+3] = (GLubyte) 100;
   }
}

/*  pengaturan koordinat texture */
static GLfloat xequalzero[] = {1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0};
static GLfloat slanted[] = {1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0};
static GLfloat *currentCoeff;
static GLenum currentPlane;
static GLint currentGenMode;

void init(void)
{
   glClearColor (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
   glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
   glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);

   makeStripeImage();
   glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);

#ifdef GL_VERSION_1_1
   glGenTextures(1, &texName);
   glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_1D, texName);
#endif
   glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
   glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
   glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
#ifdef GL_VERSION_1_1
   glTexImage1D(GL_TEXTURE_1D, 0, GL_RGBA, stripeImageWidth, 0,
                GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, stripeImage);
#else
   glTexImage1D(GL_TEXTURE_1D, 0, 4, stripeImageWidth, 0,
                GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, stripeImage);
#endif

   glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_MODULATE);
   currentCoeff = xequalzero;
   currentGenMode = GL_OBJECT_LINEAR;
   currentPlane = GL_OBJECT_PLANE;
   glTexGeni(GL_S, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, currentGenMode);
   glTexGenfv(GL_S, currentPlane, currentCoeff);

   glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S);
   glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_1D);
   glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
   glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
   glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);
   glEnable(GL_AUTO_NORMAL);
   glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE);
   glFrontFace(GL_CW);
   glCullFace(GL_BACK);
   glMaterialf (GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, 64.0);
}

void display(void)
{
   glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

   glPushMatrix ();
   glRotatef(45.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
#ifdef GL_VERSION_1_1
   glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_1D, texName);
#endif
   glutSolidTeapot(2.0);
   glPopMatrix ();
   glFlush();
}

void reshape(int w, int h)
{
   glViewport(0, 0, (GLsizei) w, (GLsizei) h);
   glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
   glLoadIdentity();
   if (w <= h)
      glOrtho (-3.5, 3.5, -3.5*(GLfloat)h/(GLfloat)w,
               3.5*(GLfloat)h/(GLfloat)w, -3.5, 3.5);
   else
      glOrtho (-3.5*(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h,
               3.5*(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h, -3.5, 3.5, -3.5, 3.5);
   glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
   glLoadIdentity();
}

void keyboard (unsigned char key, int x, int y)
{
   switch (key) {
      case 'e':
      case 'E':
         currentGenMode = GL_EYE_LINEAR;
         currentPlane = GL_EYE_PLANE;
         glTexGeni(GL_S, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, currentGenMode);
         glTexGenfv(GL_S, currentPlane, currentCoeff);
         glutPostRedisplay();
         break;
      case 'o':
      case 'O':
         currentGenMode = GL_OBJECT_LINEAR;
         currentPlane = GL_OBJECT_PLANE;
         glTexGeni(GL_S, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, currentGenMode);
         glTexGenfv(GL_S, currentPlane, currentCoeff);
         glutPostRedisplay();
         break;
      case 's':
      case 'S':
         currentCoeff = slanted;
         glTexGenfv(GL_S, currentPlane, currentCoeff);
         glutPostRedisplay();
         break;
      case 'x':
      case 'X':
         currentCoeff = xequalzero;
         glTexGenfv(GL_S, currentPlane, currentCoeff);
         glutPostRedisplay();
         break;
      case 27:
         exit(0);
         break;
      default:
         break;
   }
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
   glutInit(&argc, argv);
   glutInitDisplayMode (GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);
   glutInitWindowSize(256, 256);
   glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);
   glutCreateWindow (argv[0]);
   init ();
   glutDisplayFunc(display);
   glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
   glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard);
   glutMainLoop();
   return 0;
}